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Friday Bible Study Class 7-18-2025
A Fast Unto the LORD?
Understanding Biblical Fasting
Welcome to this comprehensive study on biblical fasting - a spiritual discipline that has profound significance throughout Scripture. Together, we'll explore what fasting truly means from a biblical perspective and how it can transform our relationship with God.

by Marvo El

What is Biblical Fasting?
Biblical fasting goes far beyond simply abstaining from food. It is a profound spiritual discipline with deep Hebrew roots:
  • Hebrew Word: Tzom (SWOOM) – "to cover the mouth, abstain from food"
  • Root: Tsum – to deny the flesh in humility before God
When we understand the linguistic origins, we see that fasting was always intended as a spiritual practice centered around humility and seeking God's presence, not merely a physical discipline.
Biblical fasting is a multifaceted spiritual practice that combines:
Prayer
Earnest communication with God
Repentance
Turning from sin toward God
Humility
Denying self before the Lord
Seeking
Pursuing God's presence and will
First Mention of Fasting in Scripture
Reference and Context
Exodus 34:28
The first explicit mention of fasting in Scripture occurs when Moses ascends Mount Sinai to receive the Ten Commandments from God. This powerful encounter establishes a precedent for fasting as a means of drawing near to God's presence and receiving divine revelation.
Moses' fast was extraordinary - lasting 40 days and 40 nights without food or water - and represents one of the most intense periods of fasting recorded in Scripture. This supernatural fast was enabled by Moses' proximity to God's glory.
Moses' fast demonstrates several key principles about biblical fasting:
  • It often accompanies significant spiritual revelations
  • It can mark pivotal covenant moments between God and His people
  • It prepares the heart to receive God's word
  • It often occurs in times of intense divine encounter
Exodus 34:28 - Moses' Fast
"And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments."
This passage reveals the extraordinary nature of Moses' fast. For forty days and nights, Moses neither ate bread nor drank water - a fast that would be physically impossible without divine enablement. This supernatural sustenance allowed Moses to remain in God's presence on Mount Sinai for an extended period.
During this profound time of fasting, Moses received the words of the covenant - the Ten Commandments - directly from God. The fast created space for this intimate divine communication and the establishment of God's covenant with Israel.
The connection between fasting and receiving divine revelation is established here at the very beginning of Israel's covenant relationship with God. Moses' experience teaches us that fasting can:
  • Create spiritual receptivity to God's voice
  • Prepare us for significant spiritual transitions
  • Accompany moments of covenant establishment
  • Sustain us supernaturally when we're immersed in God's presence
This first biblical mention of fasting sets a powerful precedent for understanding fasting as much more than simply abstaining from food - it is entering into a place of heightened spiritual communion with God.
Cross Reference: Moses Recounts His Fast
Deuteronomy 9:9-18 - Context
Years later, as the Israelites prepared to enter the Promised Land, Moses recounted his fasting experience on Mount Sinai. This passage provides additional context about the purpose behind his extended fast.
In Deuteronomy 9, Moses explains that he fasted a second time for forty days and nights after discovering the Israelites had sinned by creating and worshipping the golden calf. This second fast was specifically interceding for the people of Israel after their grievous sin against God.
Moses' recounting of these events reveals that fasting can be both proactive (preparing to receive from God) and reactive (responding to sin with intercession).
The narrative in Deuteronomy adds crucial details about Moses' fasting:
  • His initial fast was while receiving the law
  • His second fast was intercessory after Israel's sin
  • Both fasts were supernaturally sustained
  • Both fasts lasted exactly 40 days and nights
  • Both fasts involved intense communion with God
This passage establishes fasting as a powerful tool for intercession and repentance on behalf of others, an important biblical principle.
Deuteronomy 9:9 - Moses Recounts
"When I was gone up into the mount to receive the tables of stone... I abode in the mount forty days and forty nights, I neither did eat bread nor drink water."
Moses' detailed recollection of his fasting experience provides valuable insight into the spiritual significance of this practice. He emphasizes that during his time on the mountain, he completely abstained from both food and water - highlighting the supernatural nature of this extended fast.
The purpose of Moses' fast was multifaceted. Initially, it served as preparation to receive God's covenant law. Later, when he discovered Israel's idolatry with the golden calf, his second forty-day fast became an act of desperate intercession for the people who had broken covenant with God.
These parallel fasting experiences of Moses reveal important principles about biblical fasting:
Preparation
Fasting prepares us to receive divine revelation and instruction from God
Intercession
Fasting empowers our prayers for others, especially in times of crisis or sin
Covenant
Fasting often accompanies significant covenant moments with God
Moses' example shows us that fasting can be both a proactive spiritual discipline to draw near to God and a reactive response to crisis situations requiring divine intervention.
Why Did People Fast?
Reason #1: To seek God's guidance or deliverance
Reference: Judges 20:26
Throughout Scripture, we see God's people turning to fasting when they desperately needed divine guidance or deliverance from threatening circumstances. This pattern appears consistently from the time of the Judges through Israel's monarchy and beyond.
In Judges 20, the Israelites faced a devastating civil war against the tribe of Benjamin. After suffering heavy losses in battle, they turned to fasting as a means of seeking God's counsel and direction for their next steps.
When God's people found themselves in situations beyond human solution, fasting became a powerful demonstration of:
  • Complete dependence on God's intervention
  • Humility in acknowledging human limitations
  • Earnest desire for divine guidance
  • Collective spiritual focus in times of crisis
  • Setting aside physical needs to prioritize spiritual needs
Judges 20:26 - Fasting for Guidance
"Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came unto the house of God, and wept, and sat there before the LORD, and fasted that day until even..."
This passage describes the Israelites' response after suffering devastating losses in battle against the tribe of Benjamin. Faced with this crisis, they gathered at Bethel (the house of God) and engaged in a corporate fast that lasted until evening.
Note the elements that accompanied their fast:
  • They went to God's house - seeking His presence
  • They wept - expressing genuine sorrow
  • They sat before the LORD - in humble waiting
  • They fasted until evening - demonstrating commitment
This corporate fast demonstrates key principles about fasting for guidance:
Crisis Recognition
They acknowledged their desperate need for divine intervention
Collective Humility
The entire community participated in seeking God through fasting
Spiritual Preparation
Fasting prepared their hearts to receive and follow God's guidance
Divine Response
Following their fast, God provided clear direction that led to victory
Another Example: Jehoshaphat's Fast
2 Chronicles 20:3-4 - Context
King Jehoshaphat of Judah provides another powerful example of fasting for divine guidance and deliverance. When confronted with an overwhelming military threat from multiple enemy nations, Jehoshaphat's first response was to proclaim a fast throughout his entire kingdom.
This royal proclamation of a national fast demonstrates the high value placed on this spiritual discipline in ancient Israel. Jehoshaphat understood that when human resources were insufficient, spiritual resources must be mobilized through practices like fasting and prayer.
Jehoshaphat's fast teaches us several important principles:
  • Fasting can be a corporate discipline for an entire community
  • Leaders can call for fasting in times of national crisis
  • Fasting demonstrates dependence on God rather than human strength
  • Fasting unites God's people in seeking divine intervention
  • Fasting is appropriately paired with earnest prayer
2 Chronicles 20:3-4 - Jehoshaphat's Fast
"And Jehoshaphat feared, and set himself to seek the LORD, and proclaimed a fast throughout all Judah... even out of all the cities of Judah they came to seek the LORD."
This passage reveals that Jehoshaphat's fast began with an honest acknowledgment of fear. Rather than hiding his fear or responding with mere military preparations, he "set himself to seek the LORD" through proclamation of a nationwide fast.
The text tells us that people responded from "all the cities of Judah" - indicating the widespread participation in this corporate fast. The unity of purpose is emphasized in the phrase "they came to seek the LORD" - revealing that fasting was directly connected to seeking God's presence and intervention.
The outcome of Jehoshaphat's fast was extraordinary:
1
Fast Proclaimed
Jehoshaphat calls the nation to fast in response to invasion threat
2
People Gather
The entire nation assembles to seek God through fasting and prayer
3
Prophetic Word
During the fast, God speaks through a prophet with specific guidance
4
Miraculous Victory
God defeats their enemies without Judah having to fight at all
This remarkable account demonstrates the power of fasting when combined with sincere seeking of God, especially in desperate circumstances.
Why Did People Fast?
Reason #2: Repentance and Humility
Reference: 1 Samuel 7:6
Throughout Scripture, fasting frequently appears as an outward expression of inward repentance and humility before God. When God's people recognized their sin and desired to return to right relationship with Him, fasting was often a key component of their response.
In 1 Samuel 7, we find the Israelites turning back to God after a period of spiritual compromise and idolatry. Under Samuel's leadership, they expressed their repentance through a corporate fast that demonstrated their sincere desire to restore their covenant relationship with God.
Fasting as an act of repentance typically included these elements:
  • Genuine acknowledgment of sin
  • Turning away from idols and false gods
  • Public confession before the community
  • Physical demonstration of spiritual sorrow
  • Commitment to renewed obedience
This type of fasting recognized that sin creates separation from God, and fasting helped to demonstrate the sincerity of the people's desire to restore that broken relationship.
1 Samuel 7:6 - Fasting in Repentance
"And they gathered together to Mizpeh, and drew water, and poured it out before the LORD, and fasted on that day, and said there, We have sinned against the LORD..."
This passage describes a solemn assembly at Mizpeh where the Israelites engaged in several symbolic acts of repentance. The pouring out of water represented their contrite hearts being poured out before God. Their fast was a physical demonstration of their spiritual hunger to be restored to right relationship with the LORD.
Most significantly, their fast was accompanied by a clear verbal confession: "We have sinned against the LORD." This honest acknowledgment of wrongdoing was essential to true repentance, and the fast helped to underscore the sincerity of their confession.
This example of fasting for repentance teaches us several principles:
Genuine Confession
Their fast was accompanied by explicit acknowledgment of sin
Symbolic Actions
Physical expressions (pouring water, fasting) reinforced spiritual realities
Corporate Repentance
The entire community participated in this act of returning to God
Effective Results
God responded to their sincere repentance with deliverance from enemies
Nineveh's Fast of Repentance
Jonah 3:5-10 - Context
One of the most dramatic examples of fasting for repentance in Scripture involves the pagan city of Nineveh. After hearing Jonah's warning of impending judgment, the entire city - from the king to the lowliest citizen - engaged in a fast of extraordinary scope and intensity.
This account is particularly noteworthy because it shows that fasting as a means of expressing repentance was recognized even beyond the boundaries of Israel. The Ninevites, though not part of God's covenant people, understood the universal principle that sincere repentance should be accompanied by outward signs like fasting.
The Ninevites' fast included several extraordinary elements:
  • It was proclaimed by royal decree
  • It included both humans and animals
  • It was accompanied by wearing sackcloth
  • It involved turning from specific evil practices
  • It expressed hope in God's mercy
This comprehensive fast demonstrated the absolute sincerity of Nineveh's repentance, which ultimately led to God relenting from the destruction He had threatened.
Jonah 3:5-6 - Nineveh's Fast
"So the people of Nineveh believed God, and proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them..."
This passage reveals the comprehensive nature of Nineveh's response to Jonah's message of judgment. The text emphasizes that their fast included everyone "from the greatest of them even to the least of them" - indicating that social status made no difference in the requirement to participate in this act of repentance.
The text specifically states that "the people of Nineveh believed God" - showing that their fast was not merely an empty ritual, but was rooted in genuine belief in God's message delivered through Jonah. Their fast was an outward expression of an inward conviction.
Even the king of Nineveh participated in extraordinary ways:
  • He arose from his throne - surrendering his position of power
  • He laid aside his royal robe - setting aside his status
  • He covered himself with sackcloth - embracing humility
  • He sat in ashes - demonstrating mourning for sin
  • He issued a decree for universal fasting - leading his people in repentance
This comprehensive fast, encompassing the entire city from the highest to the lowest, demonstrated extraordinary humility and sincere desire to turn from evil ways and seek God's mercy.
Jonah 3:10 - God's Response to Nineveh
"And God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way; and God repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not."
This verse reveals God's response to Nineveh's sincere repentance expressed through fasting. The text emphasizes that God "saw their works" - indicating that their fast was accompanied by tangible changes in behavior. Their repentance wasn't merely verbal or ceremonial; it involved actually "turning from their evil way."
The outcome of Nineveh's fast was remarkable - God "repented of the evil" He had planned to bring upon them. This anthropomorphic language describes God's compassionate decision to withhold the judgment He had threatened, in response to their genuine repentance.
This account teaches us crucial principles about fasting for repentance:
God Responds to Sincerity
Their fast was effective because it reflected genuine heart change
Actions Matter
God specifically noted their works and changed behavior
Judgment Can Be Averted
Sincere repentance through fasting can lead to divine mercy
The story of Nineveh remains one of the most powerful examples of how fasting can be an effective expression of repentance that moves the heart of God.
Ezra's Fast for Safety and Direction
Ezra 8:21-23 - Context
Ezra provides us with another significant example of fasting for specific divine guidance and protection. As he prepared to lead a group of Jewish exiles back to Jerusalem, Ezra faced the daunting challenge of traveling through dangerous territory with valuable temple treasures.
Rather than requesting a military escort from the Persian king (which would have been the normal human solution), Ezra chose to proclaim a fast and seek God's protection. This decision stemmed from his previous testimony to the king that "the hand of our God is upon all them for good that seek him" - and Ezra wanted to live out this faith through practical action.
Ezra's fast demonstrates several important principles:
  • Fasting can be a way to seek specific divine guidance
  • Fasting demonstrates trust in God rather than human solutions
  • Fasting can precede major undertakings or journeys
  • Fasting is appropriate when facing significant dangers
  • Fasting should be accompanied by specific, focused prayer
Ezra 8:21-23 - Fasting for Divine Protection
"Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river of Ahava, that we might afflict ourselves before our God, to seek of him a right way for us, and for our little ones, and for all our substance..."
Ezra's description of his fast includes the explicit purpose "that we might afflict ourselves before our God." This phrase captures the essence of biblical fasting - voluntary self-denial as an expression of humility before God. The Hebrew term for "afflict" (anah) is the same word used to describe the purpose of the Day of Atonement fast in Leviticus 23:27.
Ezra's fast had very specific prayer goals:
  • "A right way for us" - guidance for the journey
  • Protection for "our little ones" - safety for the vulnerable
  • Security for "all our substance" - protection for their possessions
The outcome of this fast is recorded in verse 23: "So we fasted and besought our God for this: and he was intreated of us." This simple statement confirms that God responded favorably to their fast and prayer, granting them safe passage to Jerusalem despite the dangers along the way.
1
Ezra's Testimony
He had told the king that God protects those who seek Him
2
Facing Danger
The journey presented real threats to travelers and valuables
3
Corporate Fast
Entire community fasted rather than seeking human protection
4
Safe Arrival
God answered their prayer with protection throughout the journey
Why Did People Fast?
Reason #3: Mourning & Lamenting
Reference: 2 Samuel 12:16-23
Throughout Scripture, fasting frequently appears as an expression of deep grief and mourning. In times of personal tragedy, national calamity, or intense emotional distress, God's people often turned to fasting as a way to express the depth of their sorrow.
King David provides one of the most poignant examples of this type of fasting. When his infant son became gravely ill as a consequence of David's sin with Bathsheba, the king engaged in an intense personal fast, desperately pleading with God for the child's life.
Fasting in times of mourning served several purposes:
  • It expressed the depth of emotional distress
  • It demonstrated prioritizing spiritual concerns over physical needs
  • It created space for concentrated prayer
  • It acknowledged human helplessness in the face of tragedy
  • It sought divine intervention or comfort
2 Samuel 12:16 - David's Fast of Mourning
"David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth."
This verse describes David's intense response to his child's illness. His fast was accompanied by physical actions that further demonstrated his anguish - he "went in" (likely to a private place of prayer) and "lay all night upon the earth" rather than on his royal bed.
David's fast was specifically connected to his pleading with God for the child's life. This demonstrates an important aspect of fasting in mourning - it often includes an element of petition, asking God to intervene in the situation causing the grief.
The full account in 2 Samuel 12 reveals additional insights about David's fasting:
Persistence
David continued his fast for seven days, showing remarkable determination
Privacy
His fasting was primarily conducted in seclusion, not for public display
Purpose
Though God ultimately took the child, David's fast demonstrated his heart's desire
Perspective
After the child's death, David ended his fast, showing acceptance of God's will
Nehemiah's Fast of Mourning for Jerusalem
Nehemiah 1:4 - Context
Nehemiah provides another significant example of fasting as an expression of mourning - though his grief was not for a person, but for the broken condition of Jerusalem and its walls. When he received news about the devastated state of his ancestral city, Nehemiah's response was profound sorrow expressed through fasting.
This type of fasting - mourning over the broken spiritual and physical condition of God's people and their city - reveals how fasting can be an appropriate response to corporate tragedy as well as personal loss.
Nehemiah's fast was triggered by disturbing news about Jerusalem:
  • The wall was broken down - leaving the city vulnerable
  • The gates were burned with fire - destroying its security
  • The people were in "great affliction and reproach" - suffering disgrace
These conditions moved Nehemiah to deep mourning, expressed through a prolonged fast that preceded his remarkable efforts to rebuild the city walls.
Nehemiah 1:4 - Fasting in Mourning
"And it came to pass... that I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days, and fasted, and prayed before the God of heaven."
This verse reveals the progression of Nehemiah's response to the distressing news about Jerusalem. He first "sat down and wept" - an immediate emotional reaction. Then he "mourned certain days" - suggesting an extended period of grief. His mourning included "fasting and praying before the God of heaven" - indicating that his sorrow was directed toward God in a spiritually purposeful way.
The phrase "before the God of heaven" emphasizes that Nehemiah's fast was conducted in God's presence - not merely as a personal expression of grief, but as a spiritual practice that connected his sorrow to his relationship with God.
Nehemiah's fast of mourning led to remarkable outcomes:
1
Fasting in Sorrow
Nehemiah's grief over Jerusalem's condition led to extended fasting
2
Prayer with Purpose
His fasting was accompanied by specific intercessory prayer
3
Divine Direction
Through this period of fasting, God placed a vision for rebuilding in his heart
4
Bold Action
His fast ultimately led to requesting the king's permission to rebuild Jerusalem
Why Did People Fast?
Reason #4: Preparing for God's Work
Reference: Daniel 9:3
Throughout Scripture, we see fasting used as a spiritual preparation for significant service or ministry. When God's people were about to undertake important spiritual work, fasting often served as a means of preparing their hearts and focusing their spirits on the task ahead.
Daniel exemplifies this purpose of fasting. As he sought to understand prophetic visions and intercede for his people, he engaged in various forms of fasting to prepare himself spiritually for receiving divine revelation and undertaking intercessory prayer.
Fasting as preparation for spiritual service typically involved:
  • Separating oneself from normal routines
  • Heightening spiritual sensitivity
  • Demonstrating commitment to the task ahead
  • Seeking specific wisdom or guidance
  • Creating focused time for prayer and meditation
Daniel 9:3 - Fasting for Revelation
"And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes."
This verse describes Daniel's preparation for intense intercessory prayer on behalf of his people. The phrase "I set my face" indicates Daniel's determined focus and concentration on seeking God. His fasting was accompanied by other acts of humility - sackcloth and ashes - further emphasizing the solemnity of his spiritual preparation.
Daniel's fast came at a crucial moment - he had been studying Jeremiah's prophecy about the seventy years of exile, and realized the time of restoration was approaching. His fasting was part of his preparation to intercede for this promised restoration and to seek greater understanding of God's prophetic timeline.
Daniel's example reveals important principles about fasting as preparation:
1
Purposeful Intent
Daniel's fast had specific spiritual goals related to understanding prophecy
2
Scriptural Foundation
His fast was sparked by studying Jeremiah's prophecies about restoration
3
Complete Devotion
Additional elements like sackcloth and ashes showed his total commitment
4
Remarkable Results
His fast led to angelic visitation and extraordinary prophetic revelation
Esther's Fast for Deliverance
Esther 4:16 - Context
Queen Esther provides one of the most dramatic examples of fasting as preparation for dangerous but necessary service. Faced with the imminent threat of genocide against her people, Esther called for an extraordinary three-day fast before she risked her life by approaching the king without being summoned.
This fast was communal rather than individual - Esther asked all the Jews in Shushan to join her and her maidens in this period of intense spiritual preparation. The corporate nature of this fast emphasized the shared stake all Jews had in the outcome of Esther's dangerous intervention.
The context of Esther's fast included:
  • Haman's plot to destroy all Jews in the Persian Empire
  • Mordecai's plea for Esther to intercede with the king
  • The deadly risk of approaching the king uninvited
  • The need for divine protection and favor
  • The urgency of the situation requiring immediate action
Esther 4:16 - Fasting Before Dangerous Service
"Go, gather together all the Jews... and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day..."
Esther's instructions for this fast were extraordinarily strict - "neither eat nor drink three days, night or day." This complete abstention from both food and water was an extreme form of fasting that emphasized the desperate nature of the situation. Such a fast could only be maintained for a limited time without serious physical consequences.
Esther's concluding statement - "and if I perish, I perish" - reveals her understanding that even with the spiritual support of fasting, there was no guarantee of physical safety. Her fast was not a magical formula to manipulate God, but a sincere preparation of her heart to fulfill her duty regardless of the outcome.
The results of Esther's fast were remarkable:
Corporate Fast
All Jews in Shushan joined in three days of complete fasting
Royal Favor
King extended his scepter to Esther, sparing her life
Strategic Plan
Esther implemented a wise approach to expose Haman's plot
National Deliverance
The Jewish people were saved from the planned genocide
Daniel's Partial Fast
Daniel 10:3 - Context
Scripture reveals that fasting can take various forms, not only complete abstention from all food and drink. Daniel 10 describes what might be called a "partial fast" - a limited restriction of certain foods rather than complete abstention from all nourishment.
This example is particularly valuable because it shows that fasting can be adapted to different circumstances and purposes. Daniel's three-week partial fast was sustainable for a longer period than a complete fast would have been, allowing for extended spiritual focus without endangering his health.
The context of Daniel's partial fast included:
  • It occurred during the third year of King Cyrus of Persia
  • Daniel was mourning over a "great conflict" revealed to him
  • He was seeking understanding of a vision concerning the future
  • He maintained his governmental responsibilities during this time
  • The fast lasted for "three full weeks" - an extended period
Daniel 10:3 - The Partial Fast
"I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled."
This verse describes the specific limitations Daniel placed on himself during his partial fast. He abstained from three types of food and drink:
  • "Pleasant bread" - likely referring to fine pastries or delicacies
  • "Flesh" - meat of any kind
  • "Wine" - alcoholic beverages
Additionally, Daniel refrained from anointing himself with oil - a common practice of personal grooming and comfort in ancient times. This detail shows that his fast included not only dietary restrictions but also abstaining from physical pleasures and comforts.
Daniel's partial fast teaches us important principles:
Adaptation
Fasting can be adapted to different circumstances while maintaining its spiritual focus
Sustainability
Partial fasts allow for extended periods of spiritual discipline
Simplicity
Abstaining from luxuries rather than necessities can still constitute meaningful fasting
The outcome of Daniel's fast was remarkable - he received an angelic visitation and extraordinary prophetic revelation about the future of his people and the nations.
God's Standards for a True Fast
Isaiah 58:3-11 - The Fast God Chooses
Perhaps the most important passage in Scripture about fasting is found in Isaiah 58, where God directly addresses the disconnect between Israel's fasting practices and His expectations. This prophetic passage reveals that the outward form of fasting is meaningless - and even offensive to God - when divorced from inner transformation and ethical action.
The Israelites were perplexed because their fasting seemed ineffective: "Why have we fasted, and you see it not? Why have we humbled ourselves, and you take no knowledge of it?" God's response through Isaiah exposes the problem - their fasting was self-centered and disconnected from justice and compassion.
God identified several problems with Israel's fasting:
  • They sought their own pleasure while fasting
  • They oppressed their workers even during religious fasts
  • Their fasts led to strife and fighting rather than humility
  • They performed the external actions without heart change
  • They expected God to be impressed by their physical self-denial
Isaiah 58:6-7 - The Fast God Has Chosen
"Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens... Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry...?"
In this revolutionary passage, God redefines what constitutes a true fast. Rather than mere abstention from food, God declares that the fast He has chosen involves active justice, compassion, and liberation. This profound shift in understanding transforms fasting from a self-focused religious practice to an other-centered expression of God's heart for the oppressed.
The language God uses is striking - He doesn't say that these acts of justice should accompany fasting; He defines them AS the true fast. This suggests that abstaining from food without engaging in these acts of justice misses the entire point of the spiritual discipline.
God's definition of a true fast includes:
1
Justice
"To loose the bands of wickedness" - Breaking systems of oppression
2
Liberation
"To undo the heavy burdens and let the oppressed go free" - Setting captives free
3
Compassion
"To deal thy bread to the hungry" - Sharing resources with those in need
4
Hospitality
"Bring the poor that are cast out to thy house" - Welcoming the marginalized
5
Generosity
"When thou seest the naked, that thou cover him" - Meeting practical needs
New Testament: Jesus' Example
Matthew 4:1-2 - Context
The New Testament builds upon Old Testament foundations regarding fasting, with Jesus Himself providing the most significant example. Following His baptism and before beginning His public ministry, Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness where He fasted for forty days and forty nights.
This extended fast occurred at a pivotal moment - the transition between Jesus' private life and His public ministry. The timing suggests that fasting served as spiritual preparation for the extraordinary work He was about to undertake. The parallels with Moses' forty-day fast on Mount Sinai are likely intentional, connecting Jesus to the covenant-mediator role.
The context of Jesus' fast included several significant elements:
  • It immediately followed His baptism and divine affirmation
  • It was initiated by the Holy Spirit's leading
  • It took place in the wilderness - a place of testing
  • It lasted forty days and nights - echoing Moses and Elijah
  • It concluded with direct temptation by Satan
Matthew 4:1-2 - Jesus' Fast
"Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness... and when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, he was afterward an hungred."
This passage reveals several important aspects of Jesus' fast. First, it was Spirit-led rather than self-initiated - "Jesus was led up of the Spirit into the wilderness." This divine initiation underscores that true fasting should be guided by spiritual prompting rather than mere human tradition or routine.
The text also notes the natural physical consequence of Jesus' extended fast - "he was afterward an hungred." This simple statement confirms Jesus' full humanity; His body experienced the normal effects of food deprivation. This hunger became the basis for Satan's first temptation, challenging Jesus to use His divine power to satisfy His physical needs.
Jesus' fast teaches us several crucial principles:
Divine Leading
True fasting follows the Spirit's guidance rather than human tradition
Spiritual Preparation
Fasting can prepare us for significant ministry and spiritual warfare
Scriptural Foundation
Jesus used Scripture, not physical strength, to overcome temptation during His fast
Kingdom Priority
Jesus demonstrated that spiritual nourishment takes precedence over physical food
Jesus' Teaching on Fasting
Matthew 6:16-18 - Context
In addition to His personal example, Jesus provided specific teaching about fasting in His Sermon on the Mount. This instruction appears alongside His teaching on prayer and almsgiving - suggesting that Jesus viewed fasting as a normal and expected spiritual practice for His followers.
The context of Jesus' teaching is crucial - He was addressing the problem of religious hypocrisy, where spiritual disciplines were practiced for public recognition rather than genuine devotion to God. Like Isaiah before Him, Jesus was concerned with the heart attitude behind the external practice.
Jesus identified specific problems with how people fasted:
  • They put on "a sad countenance" - artificial expressions of sorrow
  • They "disfigured their faces" - making themselves look haggard
  • They did these things "that they may appear unto men to fast"
  • They sought human recognition rather than divine relationship
  • They received only the temporal reward of human admiration
Matthew 6:16-18 - Fasting with Right Motives
"Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance... But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face; That thou appear not unto men to fast..."
Jesus begins His instruction with "when ye fast" rather than "if ye fast" - suggesting that He expected His followers would practice fasting as a normal part of their spiritual lives. This subtle detail confirms that Jesus viewed fasting as a continuing discipline for the New Covenant community.
Jesus' practical instruction - to "anoint thine head, and wash thy face" - directly countered the common practice of looking disheveled while fasting. These were normal grooming practices that would help a person maintain their usual appearance, preventing others from knowing they were fasting.
Jesus teaches several key principles about fasting:
Secrecy
True fasting should be private between the believer and God
Sincerity
Fasting should stem from genuine devotion, not desire for recognition
Divine Reward
God "who sees in secret" will reward sincere fasting appropriately
Normality
Maintain normal appearance and activities while fasting
Fasting in the Early Church
Acts 13:2-3 - Context
The book of Acts reveals that fasting continued as an important spiritual practice in the early Christian church. Far from being abolished after Christ's resurrection, fasting appears to have been integrated into the church's regular spiritual rhythm, especially at pivotal moments of decision-making and commissioning.
Acts 13 describes one such pivotal moment - the commissioning of Barnabas and Saul (Paul) for their first missionary journey. This momentous event, which would launch the gospel into the wider Gentile world, was surrounded by corporate fasting and prayer.
The context of this early church fast included:
  • It occurred in the church at Antioch - the first major Gentile congregation
  • It involved prophets and teachers - the spiritual leaders
  • It was connected with "ministering to the Lord" - worship and service
  • It created space for the Holy Spirit to speak clearly
  • It resulted in a specific directive for mission work
Acts 13:2-3 - Fasting and Commissioning
"As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work..."
This passage reveals a close connection between fasting and hearing God's voice. The text specifically states that it was while they were fasting that "the Holy Ghost said" - suggesting that their fasting created spiritual receptivity to divine guidance. This illustrates how fasting can heighten spiritual sensitivity and create space for clearer divine communication.
Interestingly, after receiving this directive, the church engaged in another period of fasting and prayer before laying hands on Barnabas and Saul. This second fast seems focused on preparation and empowerment for the specific ministry assignment they had received.
The early church's example teaches us important principles about fasting:
1
Corporate Practice
Fasting was practiced collectively by the church community
2
Divine Guidance
Fasting created space for hearing the Holy Spirit's specific direction
3
Ministry Preparation
Fasting preceded significant ministry commissioning and sending
4
Apostolic Pattern
This established a pattern that continued throughout the apostolic church
The True Posture of Fasting
Psalm 35:13 - Reference
Throughout Scripture, the internal attitude and posture of the heart during fasting receives as much attention as the external practice. Psalm 35:13 provides a particularly insightful glimpse into what God considers the proper inner disposition during fasting.
In this psalm, David describes how he fasted and prayed for others who were ill, even though they later turned against him. His description reveals that true fasting involves humbling the soul - a state of heart that goes far beyond merely abstaining from food.
The proper posture for biblical fasting includes:
  • Genuine humility before God
  • Compassion for others, even enemies
  • Self-denial that goes beyond physical abstention
  • Sincere prayer that "returns to one's own bosom"
  • Identification with the suffering of others
Psalm 35:13 - Humbling the Soul
"But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I humbled my soul with fasting; and my prayer returned into mine own bosom."
This verse contains a profound insight into the true nature of biblical fasting. David states that he "humbled my soul with fasting" - revealing that fasting is primarily about soul-humbling, not merely body-denying. The Hebrew word for "humbled" (anah) is the same term used in Leviticus 23:27 for the Day of Atonement fast and in Isaiah 58:3 regarding true fasting.
David's fast was undertaken on behalf of others who were sick - showing that fasting can be intercessory in nature, even for those who may not appreciate or reciprocate our concern. The mention of sackcloth indicates that his fast was accompanied by other external signs of mourning and humility.
The phrase "my prayer returned into mine own bosom" has been interpreted in several ways:
Earnest Intensity
His prayers were so intense they seemed to fold back upon himself
Personal Benefit
Though praying for others, David himself received spiritual blessing
Bodily Posture
Referring to his physical position of praying with head bowed to chest
Unanswered Prayer
His prayers seemed to return unfulfilled, yet he continued to pray
True Purpose of Fasting
When we examine the entirety of biblical teaching on fasting, several consistent themes emerge regarding its true purpose. Rather than being merely a religious ritual or a means of manipulating God, fasting serves profound spiritual purposes that transform both our relationship with God and our impact on others.
Humility before God
Fasting expresses our complete dependence on God rather than self-sufficiency. By voluntarily denying our basic physical needs, we acknowledge that "man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God" (Matthew 4:4).
Aligning with His Will
Fasting creates space for heightened spiritual sensitivity, allowing us to better discern God's voice and align our lives with His purposes. As we deny physical appetites, our spiritual receptivity often increases.
Spiritual Breakthrough
Throughout Scripture, fasting often precedes significant spiritual breakthroughs, divine revelations, and miraculous interventions. By fasting, we express our earnest desire for God to move in extraordinary ways.
Holistic Discipline
True biblical fasting never exists in isolation but is always combined with prayer, mercy, justice, and repentance. Isaiah 58 makes clear that fasting divorced from compassionate action is meaningless to God.
How to Fast Biblically Today
While the biblical principles of fasting remain unchanged, applying them in contemporary contexts requires wisdom and discernment. Modern believers can practice this ancient spiritual discipline in ways that honor its biblical purpose while adapting to current circumstances.
Seek God, Not Attention
Following Jesus' teaching in Matthew 6, maintain normal appearance and activities while fasting. Avoid announcing your fast or using it to appear spiritual to others. Keep the focus on your relationship with God rather than others' perception of your spirituality.
Combine with Prayer & Giving
Ensure your fast is accompanied by increased prayer and compassionate action. Consider setting aside the money saved from skipped meals to support those in need. This aligns with Isaiah 58's emphasis on fasting that leads to justice and mercy.
Avoid Legalism
Remember that fasting is a means to spiritual growth, not an end in itself. Be wary of rigid rules or ritualistic approaches that focus on external compliance rather than heart transformation. The New Testament presents fasting as a voluntary discipline, not a mandatory requirement.
Consider Various Forms
Biblical fasting includes complete fasts (no food or water), normal fasts (water only), partial fasts (limited foods, like Daniel), and even non-food fasts (abstaining from pleasures or activities). Choose the form that best serves your spiritual purpose and is appropriate for your health circumstances.
Key Takeaways
After examining the biblical teaching on fasting from both Old and New Testaments, several foundational principles emerge that should guide our understanding and practice of this spiritual discipline:
1. Fasting is Humility Before God
At its core, biblical fasting is about humbling ourselves before God, acknowledging our complete dependence on Him rather than on physical sustenance or human strength. This heart posture of humility is the foundation of effective fasting.
2. Without Repentance & Mercy, Fasting is Meaningless
Isaiah 58 makes clear that fasting divorced from justice, compassion, and ethical living is empty ritual that God rejects. True fasting must be accompanied by genuine repentance and practical acts of mercy toward others.
3. True Fasting Breaks Yokes
Authentic biblical fasting has transformative power - breaking yokes of oppression, addiction, and bondage while drawing us closer to the LORD. When practiced with right motives and actions, fasting can be a catalyst for both personal and community transformation.
Reflection Questions
As you consider the biblical teaching on fasting, take time to reflect on these questions that can help you apply these principles to your own spiritual journey:
Personal Motives
Why do YOU fast? Is your approach to fasting shaped more by biblical principles or by cultural traditions? Examine your heart motives when fasting - are you seeking to humble yourself before God, or are other motivations (such as health benefits, self-discipline, or appearing spiritual) your primary focus?
Isaiah 58 Application
What is the "Isaiah 58" fast in your own words? How might God's definition of true fasting in Isaiah 58 challenge or transform your current understanding of this spiritual discipline? Identify specific ways you could integrate justice and mercy into your fasting practice.
Spiritual Focus
How can fasting change your spiritual focus? Reflect on times when fasting has helped you gain greater clarity about God's will or heightened your spiritual sensitivity. What specific spiritual breakthroughs might you need that could be supported by a season of fasting and prayer?
Practical Application
What form of biblical fasting might God be calling you to practice? Consider the various examples of fasting in Scripture (complete, partial, corporate, individual) and discern which approach might be most appropriate for your current spiritual needs and physical circumstances.
Mini Quiz: Test Your Knowledge
Let's review what we've learned about biblical fasting with a brief quiz. Test your understanding of the key concepts and examples we've explored:
  1. What Hebrew word means "fast"?
  1. Who fasted 40 days and nights on Sinai?
  1. Which prophet called Nineveh to fast?
  1. What did Jesus say about hypocritical fasting?
  1. What is the true fast God desires in Isaiah 58?
Take a moment to consider your answers before looking at the next slide. Reflect on how these biblical principles might apply to your own understanding and practice of fasting.
The quiz questions are designed to highlight key aspects of biblical fasting that we've explored throughout this presentation:
  • The linguistic foundations in Hebrew
  • Significant biblical examples of fasting
  • The prophetic dimension of fasting
  • Jesus' teaching on proper motives
  • God's definition of true fasting
These elements together provide a comprehensive understanding of what fasting truly means from a biblical perspective - going far beyond mere abstention from food to encompass heart attitudes and ethical actions.
Mini Quiz Answers
Let's review the correct answers to our mini quiz questions:
1
Tzom
The Hebrew word for "fast" is Tzom, which literally means "to cover the mouth" or "to abstain from food." Its root Tsum conveys the concept of denying the flesh in humility before God.
2
Moses
Moses fasted for 40 days and nights on Mount Sinai while receiving the Ten Commandments. This extraordinary fast was sustained supernaturally as Moses remained in God's presence receiving divine revelation.
3
Jonah
The prophet Jonah delivered God's message of impending judgment to Nineveh, which led the entire city - from the king to the lowest citizen - to proclaim a fast of repentance that ultimately averted God's judgment.
1
Private Devotion
Jesus taught not to fast for show or public recognition. In Matthew 6:16-18, He instructed His followers to maintain normal appearance while fasting so that their fast would be seen only by "your Father who sees in secret."
2
Justice and Mercy
In Isaiah 58, God defines true fasting as loosing bonds of wickedness, undoing heavy burdens, helping the oppressed, feeding the hungry, and clothing the naked. This revolutionary definition transforms fasting from mere ritual to active compassion.
Homework Assignment
To deepen your understanding and application of biblical fasting, consider completing these assignments in the coming week:
Study Isaiah 58
Read Isaiah 58 in full, carefully considering God's definition of true fasting. Write a 3-sentence summary capturing the essence of what God considers "the fast that I have chosen." Try to express the heart of this passage in your own words.
Personal Application
Choose one area of your life where you can apply the principles of biblical fasting this week. This might be a traditional food fast, a partial fast like Daniel's, or even an "Isaiah 58 fast" focused on a specific act of justice or mercy. Record your experience and what God reveals to you.
Scripture Memorization
Commit Psalm 35:13 to memory: "But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I humbled my soul with fasting; and my prayer returned into mine own bosom." Reflect on how this verse captures the heart posture of biblical fasting.
Community Discussion
Share one insight you've gained about biblical fasting with a friend, family member, or small group. Discuss how the biblical understanding of fasting might differ from common cultural or religious perceptions of this practice.
Thank you for studying "A Fast Unto the LORD?"
We hope this comprehensive exploration of biblical fasting has deepened your understanding of this powerful spiritual discipline and inspired you to practice it in ways that honor God's heart for justice, mercy, and true humility.
Remember that fasting is not about religious performance but about heart transformation. As you incorporate fasting into your spiritual journey, may it draw you closer to God and align your heart more fully with His purposes.
Presented by Yishrael Ministries | Teacher: MarVo EL
We encourage you to share these insights with others and continue discussing how biblical fasting can be practiced faithfully in our contemporary context.
For further study on biblical fasting, consider exploring:
  • The fasts of Esther, Ezra, and Nehemiah and their purposes
  • Jesus' teaching on fasting in the broader context of the Sermon on the Mount
  • Paul's references to fasting in his epistles
  • The relationship between fasting and spiritual warfare
  • Historical practices of fasting in various Christian traditions
May your journey of understanding and practicing biblical fasting bear fruit in deeper communion with God and greater compassion for others.
7-18-2025 Home Work Assignment:

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A Fast Unto The LORD?.pdf

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